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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1907 |
| | | President Roosevelt sends a fleet of warships on a goodwill tour of the world that also demonstrates US power | |
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| 1907 |
| | | Anna Pavlova dances The Dying Swan, choreographed for her by Michel Fokine to music by Saint-Saëns | |
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| c. 1908 |
| | | Robert Baden-Powell publishes Scouting for Boys, the success of which leads to the establishment of the Scouts | |
|  | Baden-Powell photographed with Scoutmasters in 1911
National Archives, Kew
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| 1908 |
| | | Jack London's novel Iron Heel foresees a future repressive capitalist regime in the USA | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Rat, Mole and Toad, in Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, appeal to a wide readership | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The king of Portugal, Carlos I, and his heir, Luis Filipe, are shot as they ride in an open carriage in Lisbon | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Anatole France casts a satirical eye on human society in his novel L'Île des pingouins ("Penguin Island") | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Jack Norworth and Albert von Tilzer write Take Me Out to the Ball Game, which becomes one of the most popular songs in the USA | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) is set up in Washington | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Young Turks of Salonika organize a successful uprising against the autocracy of the Ottoman sultan | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Ezra Pound's first book of poems, A Lume Spento, is published in Italy | |
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| 1908 |
| | | UK prime minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman resigns because of ill health and is followed as Liberal leader and prime mininster by Herbert Asquith | |
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| 1908 |
| | | David Lloyd George becomes chancellor of the exchequer in Asquith's new cabinet | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Polyscope Film Company releases the first horror movie, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, filmed from a popular stage production | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Burman Oil Company, developing a concession granted in 1901 to William Knox D'Arcy, discovers oil in Iran | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, in response to the policy of the Young Turks in Istanbul | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Sergei Diaghilev presents Fyodor Chaliapin in Boris Godunov at the Paris Opera | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Liberal government in Britain introduces an old-age pension, albeit only five shillings a week. | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Ernest Shackleton, leading an expedition to the Antarctic, locates the south magnetic pole | |
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| c. 1908 |
| | | Georges Braque's Houses at L'Estaque introduces analytic Cubism | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Claude Debussy completes Children's Corner, pieces for piano which include 'Golliwog's Cake Walk' | |
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| 1908 |
| | | International outrage at Congo atrocities forces Belgium to annexe King Leopold's private colony | |
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| 1908 |
| | | German physicist Hans Geiger, working in England with Rutherford, develops an instrument that can detect and count alpha particles | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Augusto Leguía begins a long spell as the strong man of Peruvian politics | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Jack Norworth and Nora Bayes write "Shine on, Harvest Moon" for The Follies of 1908 | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Maurice Maeterlinck's The Blue Bird is performed at the Moscow Art Theatre in a production by Stanislavsky | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Bronislava Nijinska joins her brother Vaslav in the Maryinsky company in St Petersburg | |
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| 1908 |
| | | After first being discussed at the Berlin Radiotelegraphic Conference in 1906, SOS is formally ratified as the international distress signal | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Swiss chemist Jacques Brandenberger patents cellophane, a flexible transparent film made from cellulose | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Parliament in Australia chooses Canberra as the site of the nation's new capital | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Coffee replaces sugar as Brazil's main crop, accounting for more than 50% of exports in 1908 | |
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